Impact of hHLA-DPB1 matching on clinical outcomes after haploidentical-related hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

ABSTRACT Background: The impact of HLA-DPB1 compatibility and its role as a transplantation antigen in haploidentical-related hematopoietic stem cell transplant (haplo-R-HSCT) have not been established, and a negative effect on survival has been suggested. Objective: The objective of the determine was to study the frequency and clinical effects of incompatibility at the HLA-DPB1 locus in the haplo-R-HSCT setting. Methods: Clinical records and electronic files of 91 patients with a hematological disease who underwent haplo-HSCT from January 2009 to October 2017 in a university medical center were scrutinized. Overall survival (OS) was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method; the cumulative incidence of transplant-related mortality (TRM) and relapse rates was determined. Acute graft-versus-host disease was assessed by binary logistic regression. Cox regression model with a 95% confidence interval was used to examine the association between the different variables and their effect on OS. Results: Of the 91 donor-recipient pairs, 24 (26.37%) shared complete DPB1 identity, 60 (65.93%) had a mismatch at one allele, and 7 (7.70%) were mismatched at two alleles. Twenty-four different HLA-DPB1 alleles were found; the most frequent were DPB1*04:01 (34.1%) and DPB1*04:02 (27.5%). Two-year OS, the cumulative incidence of TRM and relapse was 51.3 ± 6.8%, 28 ± 6% and 60 ± 7.8% for all haplo-related transplants, respectively, with no statistical difference between HLA-DPB1 matched and partially matched patients. In Cox regression analysis, no risk factors associated with OS, TRM, or relapses were identified. Conclusion: HLA-DPB1 mismatching in the haplo-R-HSCT setting did not influence transplant outcomes and was clinically tolerable. A high degree of homozygosity was found.

Sinonasal disorders in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation / Afecções nasossinusais em pacientes transplantados de células-tronco hematopoiéticas,

INTRODUCTION: hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is associated with more respiratory infections due to immunosuppression. OBJECTIVE: this study aimed to verify the frequency of rhinosinusitis after HSCT, and the association between rhinosinusitis and chronic graft vs. host disease (GVHD) and type of transplantation, clinical treatment, surgical treatment, and survival. METHODS: this was a retrospective study in a tertiary university hospital. A total of 95 patients with hematological diseases undergoing HSCT between 1996 and 2011 were selected. RESULTS: chronic myeloid leukemia was the most prevalent disease. The type of transplant most often performed was the allogenic type (85.26%). The frequency of rhinosinusitis was 36%, with no difference between the autologous and the allogenic types. Chronic GVHD occurred in 30% of patients. Patients with GVHD had a higher frequency and recurrence of rhinosinusitis, in addition to more frequent need for endoscopic sinusectomy and decreased overall survival. CONCLUSION: there was a higher frequency of rhinosinusitis in HSCT and GVHD. The type of transplant does not appear to predispose to the occurrence of rhinosinusitis. GVHD seems to be an aggravating factor and requires a more stringent treatment. .

INTRODUÇÃO: O transplante de células troncas hematopoiéticas (TCTH) associa-se a mais infecções respiratórias devido a imunossupressão. OBJETIVO: Este trabalho tem o objetivo de verificar a frequência das rinossinusites pós-TCTH, a associação entre a rinossinusite e a doença do enxerto contra hospedeiro (DECH) crônico e o tipo de transplante e o tratamento clinico e o tratamento cirúrgico e a sobrevida. MÉTODO: Estudo retrospectivo em hospital universitário terciário. Foram selecionados 95 pacientes com doença hematológica submetidos a TCTH entre 1996 a 2011. RESULTADOS: A leucemia mieloide crônica foi a doença mais prevalente. O tipo de transplante mais realizado foi o alogênico (85,26%). A frequência de rinossinusite foi de 36%, sem diferença entre os tipos de transplante autólogo e alogênico. A DECH crônica ocorreu em 30% dos pacientes. Os pacientes com DECH tiveram maior frequência e recorrência de rinossinusite, além de mais necessidade de sinusectomia endoscópica e de diminuição da sobrevida global. CONCLUSÃO: Houve maior frequência de rinossinusite no TCTH e DECH. O tipo de transplante não parece predispor a ocorrência da rinossinusite. A DECH parece ser um fator agravante e necessita de tratamento mais rigoroso. .

Predicting mortality and cost of hematopoeitic stem-cell transplantation / Preditores de mortalidade e custo de transplante de célula-tronco hematopoéticas

Objective: To evaluate whether the Pretransplantion Assesment of Mortality risk score is associated to transplant costs and can be used not only to predict mortality but also as a cost management tool. Methods: We evaluated consecutively patients submitted to allogeneic (n = 27) and autologous (n = 89) hematopoietic stem cell-transplantation from 2004 to 2006 at Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (SP), Brazil. Participants mean age at hematopoietic stem cell-transplantation was 42 (range 1 to 72) years; there were 69 males and 47 females; 30 patients had multiple myeloma; 41 had non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin?s lymphomas; 22 had acute leukemia; 6 had chronic leukemia; and 17 had non-malignant disease. The Pretransplantion Assesment of Mortality risk score was applied in all patients using the available web site (http://cdsweb.fhcrc.org/pam/). Results: Patients could be classified in three risk categories: high, intermediate and low, having significant difference in survival (p = 0.0162). The median cost in US dollars for each group was $ 281.000, $ 73.300 and $ 54.400 for high, intermediate and low risk, respectively. The cost of hematopoietic stem cell-transplantation significantly differed for each Pretransplantin Assesment of Mortality risk group (p = 0.008). Conclusion: The validation of the Pretransplantion Assesment of Mortality risk score in our patients confirmed that this system is an important tool to be used in transplantation units, being easy to apply and fully reproducible.

Objetivo: Avaliar se o escore de risco Avaliação de Mortalidade Pré-Transplante está associado aos custos de transplante e pode ser usado não apenas para predizer a mortalidade, mas também como ferramenta de gerenciamento de custos. Métodos: Foram avaliados consecutivamente 27 pacientes submetidos a transplante alogênico e 89 a transplante autólogo de células tronco hematopoéticas no período de 2004 a 2006 no Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (SP). A média de idade dos pacientes por ocasião do transplante foi de 42 anos (variação de 1 a 72 anos); 69 eram do gênero masculino e 47 feminino; 30 pacientes tinham mieloma múltiplo, 41 linfoma não Hodgkin e linfoma de Hodgkin; 22 tinham leucemia aguda; 6 tinham leucemia crônica; e 17 doença não maligna. O escore de risco Avaliação de Mortalidade Pré-Transplante foi aplicado a todos os pacientes usando um web site fornecido pelos autores (http://cdsweb.fhcrc.org/pam/). Resultados: Classificaram-se os pacientes em três categorias de risco: alto, intermediário e baixo, apresentando diferença significativa de sobrevivência (p = 0,0162). O custo médio, em dólares, foi de U$ 281.000, U$ 73.300 e U$ 54.400 para risco alto, intermediário e baixo, respectivamente. O custo do transplante de células tronco hematopoéticas diferiu significantemente para cada grupo de risco segundo o escore Avaliação de Mortalidade Pré-Transplante (p = 0,008). Conclusão: A validação do escore de risco Avaliação de Mortalidade Pré-transplante em nossos pacientes confirmou que esse sistema é uma importante ferramenta a ser usada em unidades de transplante, sendo facilmente aplicável e inteiramente reprodutível.

Esplenectomia videolaparoscópica em pacientes com doenças hematológicas / Videolaparoscopic splenectomy in patients with hematologic diseases

Introdução: O objetivo desde relato é apresentar os resultados preliminares da nossa experiência com esplenectomia videolaparoscópica em pacientes com doenças hematológicas de indicação cirúrgica. Pacientes e métodos: Avaliação retrospectiva dos pacientes submetidos a esplenectomia videolaparoscópica no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre pela mesma equipe cirúrgica entre junho de 2005 e maio de 2006 Resultados: Foram submetidos a esplenectomia videolaparoscópica, nesse período, dez pacientes, cinco com púrpura trombocitopênica idiopática, quatro com anemia hemolítica auto-imune e um com esferocitose. A média de idade do grupo foi de 36,2 anos, cinco pacientes eram mulheres. A média de dias de internação foi de quatro. Não houve óbitos ou complicações maiores. Conclusão: Em nossa experiência inicial, a esplenectomia videolaparoscópica demonstrou ser uma abordagem segura e eficaz para pacientes com doença hematológica e indicação de esplenectomia

Introduction: The objective of this report is to present the preliminary results of our experience with laparoscopic splenectomy in patients with hematologic diseases. Patients and methods: Retrospective evaluation of patients submitted to laparoscopicsplenectomy at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre by the same surgical team, between June of 2005 and January of 2006 Results: Ten patients were submitted to laparoscopic splenectomy during this period, five with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, four with autoimmune hemolytic anemiaand one for spherocytosis. The mean age was 36,2 years. Four patients were women. The average period of hospitalization was four days. There was no death or other major complication among the patients. Conclusion: On our initial experience, laparoscopic splenectomy had demonstrated to be a secure and effective approach for patients, whose hematologic disease requires resection of the spleen

Esplenectomía laparoscópica: experiencia de 12 años en dos instituciones privadas / Laparoscopic splenectomy: twelve-year experience in two private institutions

Introducción: en 1991, Delaitre y colaboradores reportaron la primera esplenectomía laparoscópica exitosa. Ésta se ha convertido en el procedimiento de elección en pacientes con enfermedades hematológicas que requieren tratamiento quirúrgico. Las ventajas potenciales del abordaje laparoscópico sobre el convencional son menor estancia intrahospitalaria, retorno más rápido a la vía oral y disminución en las tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad. Material y métodos: de junio de 1993 a diciembre de 2004, 42 pacientes fueron sometidos a esplenectomía laparoscópica tanto en el Texas Endosurgery Institute como en el Hospital “San José” del Tecnológico de Monterrey. Las variables utilizadas para valorar eficacia y seguridad fueron tiempo quirúrgico, estancia intrahospitalaria, inicio de la vía oral, conversión a procedimiento abierto, morbilidad y mortalidad. Resultados: las enfermedades hematológicas representaron el diagnóstico más común. El procedimiento fue técnicamente exitoso en 95 % de los casos. Solamente hubo dos conversiones a cirugía convencional. El tiempo quirúrgico promedio fue de 120 minutos. La tasa de mortalidad fue de 2.3 % y la estancia intrahospitalaria y el inicio de la vía oral promedios, de cuatro y dos días, respectivamente. Conclusiones: nuestra serie contribuye a reafirmar que actualmente la esplenectomía laparoscópica representa un método seguro y efectivo, conservando además algunas de las ventajas de los procedimientos mínimamente invasivos.

BACKGROUND: In 1991, Delaitre et al. reported the first successful laparoscopic splenectomy. This procedure has become the best option in patients with hematological diseases and who require surgical treatment. The potential advantages of the laparoscopic approach over the conventional surgery are shorter length of hospital stay, shorter time to resume normal diet and decreased rates of morbidity and mortality. METHODS: From June 1993 to December 2004, 42 patients underwent laparoscopic splenectomy in our two surgical care centers: Texas Endosurgery Institute and Hospital San José-TEC de Monterrey. The measured variables to evaluate efficacy and safety were operating time, length of hospital stay, time to resume normal diet, conversion to open procedure, morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: Hematological diseases were the most common diagnosis. The procedure was technically successful in 95% of the patients. There were two conversions to open surgery. The mean operating time was 120 min. Mortality rate was 2.3%. The mean length of hospital stay and time to resume normal diet were 4 and 2 days, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We regard that our series contributes to supporting laparoscopic splenectomy as a safe and effective method, retaining some advantages of minimally invasive techniques.

Tomografia computadorizada de alta resolução nas complicações pulmonares pós-transplante de medula óssea: ensaio iconográfico / High-resolution computed tomography findings in pulmonary complications after bone marrow transplantation: iconographic essay

O transplante de medula óssea (TMO) tem sido utilizado como tratamento de escolha para diversas doenças hematológicas. Entretanto, as complicações pulmonares, que podem ocorrer em até 60 por cento dos pacientes, são o principal motivo de falha no tratamento. As complicações pulmonares pós-TMO podem ser divididas em três fases, de acordo com a imunidade do paciente. Na primeira fase, até 30 dias após o procedimento, predominam as complicações não infecciosas e as pneumonias fúngicas. Na fase precoce, que vai até o 100º dia pós-TMO, as infecções virais, principalmente por citomegalovírus, são mais comuns. Finalmente, na fase tardia pós-TMO, complicações não infecciosas como bronquiolite obliterante com pneumonia em organização e doença do enxerto contra o hospedeiro são mais comumente observadas. Os autores apresentam um ensaio iconográfico, enfatizando os aspectos de tomografia de alta resolução em pacientes com complicações pulmonares pós-TMO.

Bone marrow transplantation has been the treatment of choice for many hematologic diseases. However, pulmonary complications, which may occur in up to 60% of the patients, are the main cause of treatment failure and may be divided in three phases according to the patient's immunity. In the first phase, up to 30 days after the procedure, there is a predominance of non-infectious complications and fungal pneumonia. Viral infections, mainly by cytomegalovirus, are common in the second phase (up to 100 days after bone marrow transplantation). Finally, in the late phase after bone marrow transplantation, non-infectious complications as bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia and graft-versus-host disease are most commonly seen. The authors present a pictorial essay of the high-resolution computed tomography findings in patients with pulmonary complications after bone marrow transplantation.

Trasplante no mieloablativo de células progenitoras hematopoyéticas: Mitos y realidades / Non-myeloablative transplant of hematopoyetic precursor cells: Myth and reality

The feasibility of applying allogeneic cell -mediated therapy in conjunction with allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation following reduced -intensity conditioning, with minimal toxicity and no serious transplant-related complications, makes it possible to perform such procedures on an outpatient basis as well to offer a valid option for cure to elderly individuals and patients with less than optimal performance status. Based on available experience, clinical application of this innovative therapy may open new horizons for the treatment of patients with leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma and other diseases. Many patients can now benefit from the advantages of immunotherapy mediated by alloreactive donor lymphocytes, while minimizing transplant-related toxicity and mortality. This kind of transplant is making real progress in the world of transplantation.

El trasplante alogénico no mieloablativo basa su efecto en la capacidad de los linfocitos del donador de erradicar a la enfermedad residual del paciente. El empleo de dosis reducidas de intensidad de radioterapia y/o quimioterapia permite su empleo en pacientes de edad avanzada y aún con comorbilidad. La poca toxicidad del procedimiento evita frecuentemente la hospitalización del paciente, se asocia a menor frecuencia de infecciones y de transfusiones, por ello el costo es sensiblemente menor e ideal para países pobres. Se ha utilizado con éxito desde hace ocho años y en nuestro país su aplicación es cada vez más frecuente. La utilidad principal se ha observado en leucemias crónicas y linfomas indolentes. En leucemia aguda mieloblástica en primera remisión también es útil, siendo menos efectivo en la leucemia aguda linfoblástica y los linfomas no-Hodgkin agresivos. También puede ser utilizado en niños y en pacientes con enfermedades benignas. El trasplante no-mieloablativo es una realidad en el área de los trasplantes.

Esplenectomía por cirugía de video laparoscopia vs por vía convencional: experiencia en nuestro centro / Splenectomy by video surgery laparoscopy Vs convencional way: experience in our unit

Un estudio fue hecho utilizando los 35 pacientes a los que le fueron extirpado el bazo en nuestro instituto desde septiembre de 1996 hasta el presente,lo mismo utilizando procedimientos convencionales(19 pacientes) o procedimiento de mínimo acceso (16 pacientes). Utilizando los datos obtenidos por cada paciente y el tipo de operación efectuada, fuimos capaces de realizar un análisis comparativo entre los dos tipos de procedimientos,determinando las ventajas y desventajas así como las contraindicaciones de cada uno. El estudio demostró que la cirugía por mínimo acceso tiene mayores beneficios para los pacientes y para la economía del país y la necesidad de aumentar los acontecimientos de este tipo de procedimiento...

Laparoscopic splenectomy for hematological disorders

The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic splenectomy [LS] in patients with hematological disorders of the spleen. Subjects and Between 1999 and 2001, 15 patients [11 female and 4 male], with a mean age of 30 years, underwent LS after preoperative evaluation. If difficulties were encountered in LS, one trocar site incision was enlarged to 7-8 cm to engage the left hand for hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy [HALS] and the procedure was completed. Various parameters were reported, including spleen size as assessed by ultrasound scan, postoperative mortality and morbidity rates, accessory spleen removal, conversion rate, operative times and length of hospital stay. LS was successfully completed in 9 patients [60%] and HALS was performed in 4 patients [26.6%]. Two patients required conversion to open splenectomy. The mean operative time was 209 min and the mean hospital stay was 8.1 days. The hospital stay was significantly longer among HALS patients than LS patients. The mean age of patients and splenic size were associated with a significantly higher conversion rate. No deaths were attributed to the procedure. Complications occurred in 2 of 15 patients. Accessory spleens were identified in 2 patients. Conclusions: LS is both a safe and feasible procedure, but it requires great technical care to avoid serious complications

Esplenectomia laparoscopica, ¿es la técnica ideal? / Laparoscopic splenectomy, is it the gold standard?

Antecedentes: A comienzos de la década pasada, distintos grupos de trabajo desarrollaron casi simultáneamente la técnica de la esplenectomia laparoscópica. Desde entonces y en base a la experiencia acumulada, llegó a convertirse en la vía de abordaje de elección. Objetivos: analizar los resultados obtenidos con la esplenectomia laparoscópica en 29 pacientes con patologías diversas. Lugar de aplicación: Servicio de Cirugía General N° 2. Prof. Pablo Luis Mirizzi, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas. Servicio de Cirugía General Clínica Sucre, Córdoba. Diseño: estudio prospectivo. Material y método: veinte y nueve esplenectomías laparoscópicas fueron indicadas en 22 casos de Púrpura Trombocitopénica Idiopática, 4 anemias hemolíticas autoinmunes, 2 esferocitosis y uno por hipertensión portal segmentaria. En los casos de esferocitosis maligna asociados a colelitiasis se realizo simultáneamente colecistectomía profiláctica. Fueron descartados los casos con: coagulopatías incorregible, ascitis y esplenomegalias superiores a 30 cm. Se indicó sistemáticamente antibiótico profilaxis, vacuna anti-pneumocócica, drenaje al lecho esplénico, movilización precoz y dieta liquida a partir de las 6 hs. Resultados: no hubo mortalidad y un paciente con esplenomegalia de 28 cm. fue convertido (3,4%). El tiempo quirúrgico promedio fue de 90 minutos. En los pacientes con PTI se localizaron vasos accesorios en 4 casos (13,7%). Ningún paciente fue transfundido no superando el sangrado los 100 cm.' aproximadamente. La principal dificultad operatoria fue la movilización esplénica a nivel del pedículo en los grandes bazos y la hemorragia en pequeños volúmenes durante la disección. Conclusión: esta técnica ofrece una serie de ventajas que permiten situarla como el nuevo "gold standard" para la esplenectomia.

Background: At the beginning of the last decade, different groups of workers developed almost simultaneously the laparoscopic splenectomy technique. From then on, and based on the accumulated experience done in the field, this technique has become the preferred approach. Objetives: to analyze the results obtained with laparoscopic splenectomy on 29 patients with various pathologies. Location: General Surgery Service Number 2, Prof. Pablo Mirizzi, Clinic National Hospital. General Surgery Service, Sucre Clinic, Cordoba. Design: prospective study. Materials And Methods: Twenty-nine laparoscopic splenectomies were indicated in 22 cases of idiopatic thrombocytopenic purpura, 4 autoimmune hemolytic anemia, two spheroid and one segmental hypertension portal. A simultaneous prophylactic cholecistectomy was performed in cases of malign spheroid associated with cholelitiasis. Cases of incorrigible coagulopaty, ascitis and spleenomegaly, greater than 30 cm., were discarded. Antibiotic prophylaxis, bovine anti-pneumonic vaccine, drainage to the spleen cavity, precocious mobilization and liquid diet starting at 6 a.m. were systematically indicated. Results: there was no mortality and a patient with spleenomegaly of 28 cm. was converted (3.4%). The average surgical time was 90 minutes. In 4 cases (13.7%) of patients with ITP, accessory spleens were found. No patient was transfused when bleeding was less than approximiately 100cm. The main surgical difficulty was the spleen mobilization at the level of the pedicle in the big spleens and the hemorrhaging in small volumes during the dissection. Conclusion: this technique offers a series of advantages that allow it to be considered as the new "gold standard" for splenectomy.

Laparoscopic versus open splenectomy in the management of hematologic diseases

Splenectomy is the best available treatment for severe forms of hereditary spherocytosis, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and other hematologic conditions when these prove refractory to conservative management. It has been employed for many decades with low mortality and favorable remission rates. The use of laparoscopic splenectomy in recent years has been rapidly and even enthusiastically adopted in this field. However, the exact role of laparoscopic versus open surgery for hematologic diseases is still debated. In this study of 58 adult patients, laparoscopic procedures were compared with conventional splenectomies for similar indications. METHODS: All patients were operated on within an 8-year period. Subjects underwent similar procedures under the supervision of the same surgical school and were compared regarding age, gender, body mass index, and diagnosis. Laparoscopically managed cases (Group I, n = 30) were prospectively followed according to a written protocol, whereas the same investigation was retrospectively done with regard to traditional laparotomy (Group II, n = 28). Methods included general and demographic findings, duration and technical steps of operation, blood loss, weight of spleen, need for conversion (in minimally invasive subjects), intraoperative and postoperative complications, time until realimentation, postoperative hospitalization, mortality, and late follow-up including recurrence rate. RESULTS: Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura was the surgical indication in over 50 percent of the patients in both groups, but familial spherocytosis, thalassemia, myelodysplasia, and lymphomas were also represented in this series. Laparoscopic procedures took more time to perform (P = 0.004), and postoperative hospitalization was 2 days shorter, but this difference was not statistically significant. Postoperative hematocrit and volume of blood transfusions was equivalent, although the laparoscopic cases had a somewhat lower preoperative hematocrit (NS) and displayed better recovery for this measurement (P = 0.03). More patients in Group I were able to accept oral food on the first day than subjects undergoing conventional operations (P < 0.05). Relatively few conversions were necessary during the minimally invasive surgeries (13.3 percent), and postoperative early and late complications as well as recurrences occurred in similar proportions. Also, the mean weight of the spleen was not statistically different between the groups,...

Esplenectomía laparoscópica en las enfermedades hematológicas / Laparoscopic splenectomy in hematologic diseases

La esplenectomía constituye un recurso terapéutico útil en las enfermedades hematológcias, donde el bazo actúa predominantemente como órgano de destrucción de los elementos formes de la sangre. En la década de los noventa, la cirugía laparoscópica se desarrolló en forma significativa. Luego de la colecistectomía laparoscópica, se fueron realizando otros procedimientos de complejidad creciente (cirugía laparoscópica avanzada). La esplenectomía laparoscópica realizada por primera vez en 1991, se ha transformado en el patrón oro en el tratamiento de algunas enfermedades hematológicas, en especial púrpura trombocitopénico inmune y anemias hemolíticas. En este trabajo de revisión se analiza la literatura internacional y se presenta la experiencia inicial en la Clínica Quirúrgica "3" del Hospital Maciel. Se concluye que la esplenectomía laparoscópica constituye un abordaje seguro para el tratamiento de algunas enfermedades hematológicas. Los mejores candidatos son aquellos pacientes con el bazo de tamaño normal; si bien la esplenomegalia no constituye una contraindicación absoluta. El éxito está directamente relacionado con la experiencia del equipo quirúrgico. La hemorragia intraoperatoria constituye la causa más frecuente de conversión a cirugía abierta. La cirugía videolaparoscópica ofrece resultados comparables a la cirugía abierta; con morbilidad baja y mortalidad casi nula; con las ventajas del abordaje de invasión mínima como son: menor dolor postoperatorio vinculado a incisiones pequeñas y ausencia de retracción parietal traumática; reinstalación precoz de la vía oral y recuperación del peristaltismo intestinal, deambulación precoz; menor internación hospitalaria; reinserción laboral más rápida y disminución de los costos

Esplenectomía en pacientes hematológicos / Splenectomy in heamatological disease

Antecedentes: existen múltiples enfermedades hematológicas en cuyas manifestaciones clínicas el bazo juega un papel importante. Objetivo: valorar el control de alteraciones hematológicas mediante esplenectomía. Material y métodos: entre mayo de 1994 y junio del 2000 realizamos 60 esplenectomías debidas a hiperesplenismo secundario a cirrosis hepática, linfomas de Hodgkin y no Hodgkin primarios de estómago, leucemia linfocítica crónica, púrpura trombocitopénica idiopática, esferocitosis hereditaria y anemia hemolítica autoinmunitaria. La evolución preoperatoria se caracterizó por remisiones y recidivas frecuentes e incluso refractarias al uso de corticoides. La esplenectomía fue electiva en 50 pacientes y de urgencia en 10 debido a hemorragia gastrointestinal y hematuria. El objetivo de la esplenectomía fue principalmente terapéutico, así como para establecer el diagnóstico y el estadio de los linfomas. Resultados: se logró controlar las alteraciones hematológicas en 93.4 por ciento de los casos. La colelitiasis y la hipertensión portal se asociaron en 33 por ciento de los pacientes con padecimientos hematológicos (esferocitosis y cirrosis hepática). No tuvimos complicaciones sépticas ni defunciones secundarias a la esplenectomía después de seis meses a cinco años de control posoperatorio. Conclusiones: a pesar del papel del bazo en las funciones inmunológicas y en los mecanismos de defensa contra las infecciones, comprobamos que la esplenectomía no es incompatible con la vida, además, la infecciones reportadas por otros autores no ocurrieron en nuestro estudio.

Esplenectomía por enfermedad hematológica: seis años de experiencia en el Hospital ABC / Splenectomy in hematologic disease: six years experience at the ABC Hospital

Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, observacional y longitudinal de casos atendidos en el Hospital ABC con enfermedad hematológica en un periodo de seis años. Se encontraron 16 pacientes cuyos diagnósticos fueron púrpura trombocitopénica idiopática en ocho (50 por ciento), linfoma no Hodking en tres (18.8 por ciento), síndrome de Evans en dos (12.5 por ciento), esferocitosis en uno (6.2 por ciento), leucemia de células peludas en uno (6.2 por ciento) y linfoma de MALT en el restante (6.2 por ciento). Se realizaron 13 procedimientos electivos y tres de urgencia, 13 por cirugía abierta (tiempo quirúrgico promedio 150 minutos) y tres mediante laparoscopia (tiempo quirúrgico promedio 315 minutos). Se encontraron bazos accesorios en 18.75 por ciento de los casos. La estancia hospitalaria fue similar en ambos grupos. El procedimiento laparoscópico tuvo una mayor morbi-mortalidad en comparación con la cirugía abierta. Se inmunizó con vacuna contra neumococo a seis pacientes durante su estancia hospitalaria. La cirugía para enfermedad hematológica tiene una morbi-mortalidad aceptable. Los pacientes que ameritan cirugía de urgencia deben ser sometidos a procedimientos abiertos.

Esplenectomía por causa médica / Splenectomy by medical cause

Actualmente la esplenectomía es un procedimiento diagnóstico y terapéutico en múltiples enfermedades. Se realiza en casos de hiperesplenismo para facilitar la quimioterapia en una enfermedad neoplásica, como tratamiento del dolor y en el control de la hidatidosis esplénica. Se presenta un análisis retrospectivo de 47 pacientes esplenectomizados por causa médica en el Servicio de Cirugía Adulto del Hospital Clínico Regional de Valdivia, entre enero de 1988 y diciembre del año 2000. El grupo se compone de 18 hombres (38,3 por ciento) y 29 mujeres (61,7 por ciento), con un promedio de edad de 51,4 años. El diagnóstico más frecuente fue púrpura trombocitopénico idiopático (38,3 por ciento) y la principal indicación de esplenectomía fue la mala respuesta al tratamiento médico (40,4 por ciento). Se presentaron complicaciones postoperatorias en 11 pacientes (23,4 por ciento) y un caso de mortalidad operatoria (2,1 por ciento). Han estado en seguimiento 37 (78,7 por ciento) pacientes por un promedio de 51,2 meses (rango 2 a 139 meses). Es importante destacar que al realizar este procedimiento se debe considerar que los pacientes muchas veces tienen patologías de base que aumentan la morbimortalidad, por lo que su manejo y seguimiento debe ser realizado por un equipo multidisciplinario

Splenectomy for hematological diseases: the qatif central hospital experience

In the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, an area known for various hemoglobinopathies, splenectomy is performed rather frequently. This study is an analysis of our experience with splenectomy performed for various hematological disorders between 1988 and 1997, outlining the indications, complications and outcome. Patients and This is a retrospective analysis of all patients who had splenectomy at our hospital during this period. One hundred and forty-three patients were treated for various hematological disorders at our hospital. These disorders included sickle cell disease [SCD] [100 patients], sickle beta -thalassemia [S-beta -thal] [13 patients], beta -thalassemia major [15 patients], Hb H disease [3 patients], idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura [ITP] [5 patients], Gaucher's disease [2 patients], hereditary spherocytosis [1 patient], autoimmune hemolytic anemia [1 patient], thalassemia intermediate [2 patients] and chronic myeloid leukemia [1 patient]. The indications for splenectomy in those with SCD and S-beta -thal were: hypersplenism [26 patients], major splenic sequestration crisis [23 patients], minor recurrent splenic sequestration crisis [50 patients], splenic abscess [12 patients], and massive splenic infarction [2 patients]. Splenectomy in these patients was beneficial in reducing their transfusion requirements and its attendant risks, eliminating the discomfort from mechanical pressure of the enlarged spleen, avoiding the risks of acute splenic sequestration crisis, and managing splenic abscess. For those with thalassemia, total splenectomy was beneficial in reducing their transfusion requirements, while partial splenectomy was beneficial only as a temporary measure, as regrowth of splenic remnant in these patients subsequently led to increase in their transfusion requirements. Those with ITP, hereditary spherocytosis, and autoimmune hemolytic anemia showed excellent response following splenectomy. There was no mortality, and the postoperative morbidity was 5.6%. With careful perioperative management, splenectomy is both safe and beneficial in a selected group of patients with hematological diseases

Aspectos técnicos de la esplenectomía laparoscópica en pacientes con problemas hematológicos / Technical aspects of laparoscopic splenectomy in patiente coursing with hematologic diseases

Objetivo: Informar la experiencia quirúrgica de los autores en dos pacientes con enfermedad hematológica a quienes se les practicó esplenectomía laparoscópica. Sede: American British Cowdray Hospital y Hospital Español de México, D.F. Diseño: Descripción de casos. Resultados: Caso 1: Femenina de 18 años con púrpura trombocitopénica idiopática(PTI) de dos años de evolución, sin respuesta a la terapia esteroidea. Se le practicó esplenectomía laparoscópica, el tiempo quirúrgico fue de 4 h, la hemorragia transoperatoria (calculada) de 150 ml y la estancia hospitalaria de 1 día. Caso 2: Femenina de 35 años, con el diagnóstico de hemolisis extravascular en el sistema fagocítico, principalmente bazo (anemia progresiva, trombocitopenia e hipoxia tixular); tiempo quirúrgico de 5 h, hemorragia transoperatoria (calculada) de 200 ml y estancia hospitalaria de 3 días

Trasplante de médula ósea en el tratamiento de enfermedades hematológicas malignas / Allogenic bone marrow transplantation in patients with malignant hematological diseases

We have treated 28 patients (pts) with malignant hematological diseases with allogenic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). 18 pts had acute lymphoblastic (ALL) and non lymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL), 5 chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), 2 severe aplastic anemia (SAA), 1 myelodisplasia, 1 Fanconi's anemia and 1 advanced Non Hodgkin's lymphoma. All but three received the graft from HLA identical sibling donors. We used conditioning with total body irradiation and chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, cytarabine and etoposide) in 17 pts and chemotherapy alone in 11.24 pts had a full hematological recovery 18 to 25 days post BMT. 15 pts died after BMT as a consequence of toxicity or early infection (4), graft failure (2), graft vesus host disease (4) or relapse (5). Actuarial event free survival for the group with favorable prognosis (SAA, ALL and ANLL in first or second remission and CML in chronic phase) is 57 percent at 36 months. Allogeneic BMT is an effective and feasing therapeutic procedure for selected patients with hematological malignancies

Esplenectomía por indicación médica / Splenectomy by medical indication

Se presenta la experiencia con esplenectomía de causa hematológica, ya sea con fines diagnósticos o terapéuticos. En un período de 10 años se han operado 27 pacientes, 22 por causa terapéutica y 5 por razones diagnósticas. Los principales diagnósticos fueron púrpura trombocitopénico y linfoma. La principal indicación para la cirugía fue la mala respuesta o intolerancia al tratamiento médico. La morbilidad estuvo representada por 2 pacientes y la mortalidad operatoria fue de 3,7 por ciento en un paciente posrtador de leucemia de células velludas, que presentó una neumonía extensa en el postoperatorio. En todos los restantes pacientes se obtuvo una excelente respuesta representada por la mejoría de los índices hematológicos. La esplenevtomía por indicación médica es la menos frecuente de todas. En caso de enfermedades hematológicas benognas, éste es el último recurso disponible con alto porcentaje de respuesta. La morbimortalidad de la serie es escasa y asociada a patología maligna

Esplenectomía por causas hematológicas / Splenectomy for hematologic diseases

Se revisaron retrospectivamente 47 pacientes que entre 1980 y 1991 fueron esplenectomizados por ser portadores de alteraciones hematológicas refractarias al tratamiento médico en el Servicio de Cirugía del Hospital Roberto del Río.El objetivo fue conocer la incidencia de enfermedades hematológicas que requirieron cirugía para su resolución y el mejor tratamiento profiláctico de infecciones post esplenectomía. En la serie, 18 pacientes tenían microesferocitosis familiar, 21 una púrpura trombocitopénica ideopática, 2 enfermedades de Hodgkin, 2 quistes esplénicos, 2 histiocitosis y 2 hamartomas. Un paciente presentó hemoperitoneo en el postoperatorio . No hubo mortalidad postoperatoria en la serie. La esplenectomía es el tratamiento de eleción para la microesferocitosis y la púrpura trombocitopénica ideopática refactarias al tratamiento médico. La técnica quirúrgica es simple y los resultados son excelentes